Dinten ayeuna atletik balap sareng lapangan mangrupikeun olahraga anu paling populer, anu beuki ngadorong momentum unggal dinten, sabab kolot masihan atlit ngora na pikeun olahraga. Tapi, sapertos dina unggal olahraga, aya daptar katégori anu tangtu pikeun unggal disiplin olahraga.
Peunteun atlit, standar ngajalankeun
Sateuacan ngamimitian latihan anu ditingkatkeun, anjeun kedah membiasakeun diri ku susunan aturan sareng peraturan awal, sareng terang ogé naon indikator khusus anu aya dina disiplin olahraga ieu. Ieu mangrupikeun tulisan dinten ieu, hayu urang ngamimitian.
Sejarah
Athletics mangrupikeun olahraga Olimpiade anu dimimitian ti jaman Yunani Kuno, nyaéta jalur na, salaku olahraga anu misah, dimimitian taun 776 SM. Nya, di dunya modéren pikeun kahiji kalina disiplin ieu ngingetkeun dirina sorangan taun 1789 sareng ayeuna éta mangrupikeun salah sahiji disiplin Olimpiade anu paling dimangfaatkeun.
Otoritas pangaturan
Badan anu ngatur olahraga ieu sareng ngatur kagiatanana diantarana:
- Asosiasi Olahraga Éropa.
- Asosiasi Atletik Amérika Serikat Amérika.
- Asosiasi Atletik Sadaya-Rusia.
Standar pelepasan pikeun lalaki
Pertimbangkeun standar naon anu kudu diturunkeun pikeun lalaki.
Lumpat
| Jarak (méter) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 50 | — | — | — | 6,1 | 6,3 | 6,6 | 7,0 | 7,4 | 8,0 |
| 60 | — | — | 6,8 | 7,1 | 7,4 | 7,8 | 8,2 | 8,7 | 9,3 |
| 100 | — | — | 10,7 | 11,2 | 11,8 | 12,7 | 13,4 | 14,2 | 15,2 |
| 200 | — | — | 22,0 | 23,0 | 24,2 | 25,6 | 28,0 | 30,5 | 34,0 |
| 300 | — | — | 34,5 | 37,0 | 40,0 | 43,0 | 47,0 | 53,0 | 59,0 |
| 400 | — | — | 49,5 | 52,0 | 56,0 | 1:00,0 | 1:05,0 | 1:10,0 | 1:15,0 |
| 600 | — | — | 1:22,0 | 1:27,0 | 1:33,0 | 1:40,0 | 1:46,0 | 1:54,0 | 2:05,0 |
| 800 | — | 1:49,0 | 1:53,5 | 1:59,0 | 2:10,0 | 2:20,0 | 2:30,0 | 2:40,0 | 2:50,0 |
| 1000 | 2:18,0 | 2:21,0 | 2:28,0 | 2:36,0 | 2:48,0 | 3:00,0 | 3:15,0 | 3:35,0 | 4:00,0 |
| 1500 | 3:38,0 | 3:46,0 | 3:54,5 | 4:07,5 | 4:25,0 | 4:45,0 | 5:10,0 | 5:30,0 | 6:10,0 |
| 1600 | 3:56,0 | 4:03,5 | 4:15,0 | 4:30,0 | 4:47,0 | 5:08,0 | — | — | — |
| 3000 | 7:52,0 | 8:05,0 | 8:30,0 | 9:00,0 | 9:40,0 | 10:20,0 | 11:00,0 | 12:00,0 | 13:20,0 |
| 5000 | 13:27,0 | 14:00,0 | 14:40,0 | 15:30,0 | 16:35,0 | 17:45,0 | 19:00,0 | 20:30,0 | — |
| 10000 | 28:10,0 | 29:25,0 | 30:35,0 | 32:30,0 | 34:40,0 | 38:00,0 | — | — | — |
Jalan raya jalan
| Jarak (kilométer) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III |
| 21.0975km (satengah marathon) | 1:02:30 | 1:05:30 | 1:08:30 | 1:11:30 | 1:15:00 | 1:21:00 |
| 15k | — | — | 47:00 | 49:00 | 51:30 | 56:00 |
| 42,195 | 2:13:00 | 2:20:00 | 2:28:00 | 2:37:00 | 2:50:00 | tungtung kajauhan |
| Balapan sadidinten 24 jam | 250 | 240 | 220 | 190 | — | — |
| 100km | 6:40:00 | 6:55:00 | 7:20:00 | 7:50:00 | tungtung kajauhan | — |
Palang
| Jarak (kilométer) | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 1 | 2:38 | 2:50 | 3:02 | 3:17 | 3:37 | 4:02 |
| 2 | 5:45 | 6:10 | 6:35 | 7:00 | 7:40 | 8:30 |
| 3 | 9:05 | 9:45 | 10:25 | 11:05 | 12:05 | 13:25 |
| 5 | 15:40 | 16:45 | 18:00 | 19:10 | 20:40 | — |
| 8 | 25:50 | 27:30 | 29:40 | 31:20 | — | — |
| 10 | 32:50 | 35:50 | 38:20 | — | — | — |
| 12 | 40:00 | 43:00 | 47:00 | — | — | — |
Leumpang olahraga
| Jarak (méter) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 3000 | — | — | 12:45 | 13:40 | 14:50 | 16:00 | 17:00 | 18:00 | 19:00 |
| 5000 | — | — | 21:40 | 22:50 | 24:40 | 27:30 | 29:00 | 31:00 | 33:00 |
| 20000 | 1:21:30 | 1:29:00 | 1:35:00 | 1:41:00 | 1:50:00 | 2:03:00 | — | — | — |
| 35000 | 2:33:00 | 2:41:00 | 2:51:00 | 3:05:00 | Perlu direngsekeun | — | — | — | — |
| 50000 | 3:50:00 | 4:20:00 | 4:45:00 | 5:15:00 | Perlu direngsekeun | — | — | — | — |
Janten, di dieu kami parantos nalungtik indikator utama pikeun lalaki dina disiplin ieu. Nya, ayeuna matak ngalih kana standar kelamin anu adil, sabab, sakumaha anjeun terang dina olahraga, aranjeunna menduduki jabatan utama.
Standar pelepasan pikeun awéwé
Pertimbangkeun standar anu kedah dilalui awéwé.
Lumpat
| Jarak (méter) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 50 | — | — | — | 6,9 | 7,3 | 7,7 | 8,2 | 8,6 | 9,3 |
| 60 | — | — | 7,6 | 8,0 | 8,4 | 8,9 | 9,4 | 9,9 | 10,5 |
| 100 | — | — | 12,3 | 13,0 | 13,8 | 14,8 | 15,8 | 17,0 | 18,0 |
| 200 | — | — | 25,3 | 26,8 | 28,5 | 31,0 | 33,0 | 35,0 | 37,0 |
| 300 | — | — | 40,0 | 42,0 | 45,0 | 49,0 | 53,0 | 57,0 | — |
| 400 | — | — | 57,0 | 1:01,0 | 1:05,0 | 1:10,0 | 1:16,0 | 1:22,0 | 1:28,0 |
| 600 | — | — | 1:36,0 | 1:42,0 | 1:49,0 | 1:57,0 | 2:04,0 | 2:13,0 | 2:25,0 |
| 800 | — | 2:05,0 | 2:14,0 | 2:24,0 | 2:34,0 | 2:45,0 | 3:00,0 | 3:15,0 | 3:30,0 |
| 1000 | 2:36,5 | 2:44,0 | 2:54,0 | 3:05,0 | 3:20,0 | 3:40,0 | 4:00,0 | 4:20,0 | 4:45,0 |
| 1500 | 4:05,5 | 4:17,0 | 4:35,0 | 4:55,0 | 5:15,0 | 5:40,0 | 6:05,0 | 6:25,0 | 7:10,0 |
| 1600 | 4:24,0 | 4:36,0 | 4:55,0 | 5:15,0 | 5:37,0 | 6:03,0 | — | — | — |
| 3000 | 8:52,0 | 9:15,0 | 9:54,0 | 10:40,0 | 11:30,0 | 12:30,0 | 13:30,0 | 14:30,0 | 16:00,0 |
| 5000 | 15:20,0 | 16:10,0 | 17:00,0 | 18:10,0 | 19:40,0 | 21:20,0 | 23:00,0 | 24:30,0 | — |
| 10000 | 32:00,0 | 34:00,0 | 35:50,0 | 38:20,0 | 41:30,0 | 45:00,0 | — | — | — |
Jalan raya jalan
| Jarak (kilométer) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III |
| 21.0975km (satengah marathon) | 1:13:00 | 1:17:00 | 1:21:00 | 1:26:00 | 1:33:00 | 1:42:00 |
| 15 | — | — | 47:00 | 49:00 | 51:30 | 56:00 |
| 42.195 (marathon) | 2:32:00 | 2:45:00 | 3:00:00 | 3:15:00 | 3:30:00 | Perlu direngsekeun |
| Balapan sapopoé24 jam | 210 | 200 | 160 | 10 | — | — |
| 100km | 7:55:00 | 8:20:00 | 9:05:00 | 9:40:00 | tungtung kajauhan | — |
Palang
| Jarak (kilométer) | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 1 | 3:07 | 3:22 | 3:42 | 4:02 | 4:22 | 4:42 |
| 2 | 6:54 | 7:32 | 8:08 | 8:48 | 9:28 | 10:10 |
| 3 | 10:35 | 11:35 | 12:35 | 13:35 | 14:35 | 16:05 |
| 5 | 14:28 | 15:44 | 17:00 | 18:16 | 19:40 | — |
| 6 | 22:30 | 24:00 | 26:00 |
Leumpang olahraga
| Jarak (méter) | MSMK | MC | CCM | abdi | II | III | Abdi (th) | II (th) | III (th) |
| 3000 | — | — | 14:20 | 15:20 | 16:30 | 17:50 | 19:00 | 20:30 | 22:00 |
| 5000 | — | 23:00 | 24:30 | 26:00 | 28:00 | 30:30 | 33:00 | 35:30 | 38:00 |
| 10000 | 46:30 | 48:30 | 51:30 | 55:00 | 59:00 | 1:03:00 | 1:08:00 | — | — |
| 20000 | 1:33:00 | 1:42:00 | 1:47:00 | 1:55:00 | 2:05:00 | Perlu direngsekeun | — | — | — |
Sakumaha anjeun tiasa tingali, awéwé gaduh standar anu rada saderhana tibatan lalaki. Ogé kedah dicatet yén numutkeun statistik, paling sering awéwé anu nampi gelar master of sports.
Standar pikeun Olimpiade, Juara Dunia sareng Éropa
Tangtosna, pikeun unggal atlit anu ngahargaan diri, Olimpiade, sareng langkung-langkung deui kajawaraan Dunya sareng Éropa, mangrupikeun titik balik dina karir olahraga sareng perlu nyiapkeun éta sateuacanna sareng tuntas.
Tapi, réalitas tina pasanggiri sapertos kitu nyaéta standar anu pas anu dipanggihan ngan ukur dina dinten diayakeunana sareng sateuacanna, henteu saurang pamilon terang ngeunaan naon indikator olahraga anu kedah anjeunna laksanakeun. Janten, juara kahareup ngan ukur tiasa ngalatih numutkeun data standar sareng percanten ka kameunangan na dina Olimpiade sareng kompetisi sanésna!
Sakumaha anjeun tiasa tingali, perlu ngalatih sareng kéngingkeun standar élmu atlit salami mangtaun-taun, berkat latihan anu panjang sareng ngareureuhkeun, anu pamustunganana ngembangkeun ketahanan, kasabaran sareng, sacara alami, katekunan dina atlit, anu bakal gampang dina nyiapkeun kompetisi hareup.
Ogé, nalika latihan atlit, budak ngora sareng budak awéwé, sakumaha nunjukkeun prakték, ngagaduhan henteu ngan ukur éksternal, tapi ogé kapercayaan internal. Panginten, justru kanyataan ieu anu nangtoskeun popularitas tinggi tina jenis olahraga ieu, sareng tiasa dimungkinkeun pikeun kéngingkeun kategori di olahraga, tapi anu utami nyaéta ngagaduhan kahoyong sareng tujuan.
